Matt. 10:2-4; Mark 3:13-19; Luke 6:12-16; Acts 1:13
(Huck 72; Aland 49; Crook 72, 103)[1]
Updated: 20 January 2023
וַיְהִי בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם וַיִּקְרָא לְתַלְמִידָיו וַיִּבְחַר מֵהֶם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה שְׁלִיחִים שִׁמְעוֹן פֶּטְרוֹס וְאַנְדְּרַיי אָחִיו וְיַעֲקֹב וְיוֹחָנָן וּפְלִיפּוֹס וּבַר תַּלְמַי וּמַתַּי וְתוֹמָה וְיַעֲקֹב בֶּן חַלְפִי וְשִׁמְעוֹן הַקַּנַּאי וִיהוּדָה בֶן יַעֲקֹב וִיהוּדָה אִישׁ קְרִיּוֹת שֶׁהָיָה מָסוֹר
And in those days Yeshua called his disciples together and chose twelve of them to be his emissaries to Israel. Their names were Shimon Petros and Andrai (his brother), Yaakov, Yohanan, Pelipos, Talmai’s son, Matai, Tomah, Yaakov Halfi’s son, zealous Shimon, Yehudah Yaakov’s son, and Yehudah from Keriyot, who was a traitor.[2]
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3. Conjectured Stages of Transmission 5. Comment 8. Conclusion |
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Reconstruction
To view the reconstructed text of Choosing the Twelve click on the link below:
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The twelve apostles as depicted in a 17th-cent. illuminated Ethiopian manuscript containing the first eight books of the Hebrew Bible, the Gospels, and various records of Church councils. Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.
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- [1] For abbreviations and bibliographical references, see “Introduction to ‘The Life of Yeshua: A Suggested Reconstruction.’” ↩
- [2] This translation is a dynamic rendition of our reconstruction of the conjectured Hebrew source that stands behind the Greek of the Synoptic Gospels. It is not a translation of the Greek text of a canonical source. ↩
Comments 2
Do you discount Josephus’ account of the Zealots? “Josephus’ Jewish Antiquities states that there were three main Jewish sects at this time, the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Essenes. The Zealots were a “fourth sect”, founded by Judas of Galilee (also called Judas of Gamala) in the year 6 CE against Quirinius’ tax reform….”
We think it is a mistake to equate Josephus’ “Fourth Philosophy” with the Zealots. The “Fourth Philosophy” probably refers to the Sicarii or to the ideology that gave birth to them. Whereas the Sicarii were a non-priestly group close to the Pharisees who championed the cause of the under-privileged classes (by, for instance, burning the records of debts), the Zealots were a group of priests closer to the Sadducees whose focus was on the Temple and who even attracted members of the privileged classes (the son of a high priest was numbered among their ranks). Despite their differences, both the Sicarii and the Zealots were religious extremists who espoused nationalist views and embraced violence. Their religious nationalist extremism was a major factor that led to the outbreak of the revolt in 66 C.E.